for SEO purposes, it is better to have the keywords of your page in the name of the program I believe, so that kind of rules out .......yourdomain.com/page.php?id=123 as the best way to organise your urls.
The other thing they say, is to have keywords in the text of links and to NOT have 'Home Page' as the menu item back to your front page but to have keywords there too.
Can you be more specific and tell us the kind of thing you are considering?